Tsev neeg Nepticulidae tuav tej qhov tsawg tshaj plaws npaub paub, thaj tsam li 3-8 hli koojtis-hau rau koojtis-ntsis. Kev sib piv ib kuv muaj imaged ob npaub saum toj no: qhov peb paub ntau tshaj los lawm – Coscinocera herculesuas npaum lis cas cov dos nyob ze li ntawm 9 nti, thiab yog ib qhov tsawg tshaj plaws (Yog tias me quav me speck hauv qab no rau Hercules npauj) – Ectoedemia rubifoliella, tseem imaged nram qab no. Tus Nepticulidae yog miv kuj ceeb tias, nrog nyob 800 hom piav ntawd yuav piv xwb 10% ntawm lub sij (Powell, 2009). Hauv lub tebchaws United States peb tsuas muaj 80 hom, cov uas 25 paub tias sab hnub poob. Thaum twg koj piv ntawd ntau haiv neeg lus kom tus 100 los yog li hom paub ntawm Aas, Nws yog qhov tseeb tias tus neeg paub yog vastly tsis. Ua tau, dhau 80% ntawm cov nepticulid ntau haiv neeg lus tsis raug los ntawm teb chaws Europe ib leeg. Tus coj txawv txawv inversion thaum koj xav tias cov neotropics yog neeg ntiaj teb tseem miv ecosystems tsis tau muaj xwb 74 paub cov hom Nepticulidae! (Puplesis, 2000). Yog vim li cas qhov no thiaj?
Ectoedemia rubifoliella3.3hli
Stigmella ostryaefoliella3.1hli
Rau ntau haiv neeg nyob sab Europe lus tau yooj yim yuav piav tseg vim lub siab concentration ntawm bored Lepidopterists. Cov Holarctic fauna no tsis yog cov feem miv thiab nws thiaj li tau ua raws li to taub txog lub ntiaj chaw, tsis qhia qhov no lawv puas muaj keeb kwm ntawm chav txivneej entomologists yos rov 175,000 xyoo ntev. Tiam sis so rau ntawm tus Nepticulidae tshua tsis vim lawv muaj tiag, tiag tiag me me, ib qho nyuaj rau kis, kev taw li cov laus! Kuv yeej muaj me ntsis xyaum los yog kawm tau zoo rau mounting Nepticulidae, thiab lub nrws saum toj no yuav tsum muab teev cia rau hauv Dr. Dave Wagner. Tus heev few uas kuv tau sau los kuv yeej cias pinned thiab tsis spread; thiab txawm tias cov pinning proves ib ces thaum lub ris hauv qab ntawm tes yuav obliterate tus mus tag nrho. Thaj zoo tshaj rau mounting yog ib khob lawv hauv qhov lub freezer thiab pin lawv thaum lawv tseem ciaj sia. Tsis rau cov tub kom zoo, tab sis tib txog kev mus ua tus npauj tawm kom qhuav ua ntej koj ob lub qhov muag thiab qhov tsis tau muab. Tawv li thaum cov laus neeg muaj hwj, tus menyuam kab yuav theej xeeb ceem ntawd feem ntau yog cov ntoo yooj – lawv noj cov khoom ntawm cov nplooj epidermises. Qhov no los kuj hu ntawm lends “nplooj blotch yooj” vim koj thiaj pom cov translucent thaj ua rau thaj rau npaub muaj ' puas lawm’ txhob tawm hauv cov ntoo. Tsis tsuas yog ib hom theej party-kev, tab sis lawv yuav los ua yam ntxwv ntawm tus heev kuv lub qauv hauv daim nplooj. Li ntawd, yog tias koj pom ib tug ntoo kuv thiab koj paub hom tsob nroj, yuav muaj koj yuav paub tau tias hom Nepticulid li nws (tab sis tsis txhua nplooj mines ua nepticulids, muaj ntau ntau lwm yam kab uas yuav ua zoo li no). Rearing cov npaub tseem theej yooj yim, koj tsuas yuav tau ua yog pop nplooj hauv ib lub hnab thiab tos tus npauj noj tas. Ib tug kab ntsig tsuas yog ib nplooj (los yog ib ntu ntawm nplooj) – tiam sis tu tau noj kom cov nplooj ntsuab thaum cov kab ntsig txau. Yog xyuas nplooj, thiaj yuav tus kab ntsig. Vim li no muaj peev xwm paradoxical qhia hais tias daim mines thiab cov laus tsis muaj yog muaj nyiaj tsab Conference tshawb fawb ua rau lawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim ob peb tug teeb rau tej qoob loo. Tus thawj duab hauv qab no kom meej meej illustrates tus kab ntsig pub nyob rau hauv daim nplooj – thiab txoj kev uas nws muaj no Child left behind frass.
Labandeira, C. (1994). CUAJCAUM - xya plhom xyoo Angiosperm-kab Association: Paleobiological Insights mus rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm Coevolution Zaug ntawm lub teb chaws Academy ntawm Sciences, 91 (25), 12278-12282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.25.12278
PUPLESIS, R., DIŠKUS, A., ROBINSON, G., & ONORE, G. (2002). Tus xyuas thiab ntawv ntawm lub Neotropical Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) Txiag ntsia txog Natural History tsev cia puav pheej. Entomology Series, 71 (01) DOI: 10.1017/S0968045402000032
Powell, J.A., Opler, P.A. (2010). Npaub of Western North America – yog J. A. Powell thiab P. A. OplerSystematic Entomology, 35 (2), 347-347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00525.x
By Chris Grinter, nyob rau lub ob hlis ntuj 23rd, 2011
Cambrian seas thaum ntxov (542-488 lab lub xyoo dhau los) tau ib plethora ntawm coj txawv txawv thiab bizarre creatures txawm tus zoo sci-fi dreamer yuav luag unimaginable. Tejzaum nws li ib tug ntawm cov precursors rau lub Arthropoda (tseem Onychophora thiab Tardigrada), cov lobopodian lineages sawv cev rau ib pawg uas coj txawv txawv “cua nab nrog ceg” ib zaug tias roamed cov hiav txwv ancient beds. Xyov zoo li cas lawv yuav tau muab qhov tseeb raws yog npe cia sib cav tswv yim (tsob ntoo hauv qab), tab sis qhov tshiab khiv sab genus thiab hom, Diania cactiformis (taug kev cactus), nruab nrab yog cov zoo tshaj plaws sclerotized thiab arthropod zoo li ntawm cov lus peb paub los lawm rau hnub.
Qhov ob thiab ib nrab hnub nti dab whopping pab peb nkag siab rau cov kev hloov ntawm ib tug mos bodied cab li zeej rau lub hard-shelled arthropod; Nws tseem yuav muaj zoo duab li cas miv no lobopodian yav yuav tau. Nws yog ib lo lus nug fascinating vim jointed tus kom zoo dua, sclerotized, nqua tau ib daig pob tawg lawm thiab diversified txawj creatures rau peb paub txog hnub no. Raws nraim li cas qhov no tshwm sim yog tsis muaj los ze zog mus tau zoo lawm, tiam sis nws zoo nkaus li txhais tau hais tias tus ceg ntawm cov tsiaj no yog sclerotized ua ntej lub cev (arthropodization vs. kev mob plawv). Ib me pob txha pheej nrhiav tau lwm thiab tsis tau lwm kev pom me me rau hauv keeb kwm evolutionary.
Chiv keeb
Liu, J., Steiner, M., Dunlop, J., khaws tseg, H., tshawb, D., Ou, Q., hav zoov, J., Zhang, Z., & Zhang, X. (2011). Tus armoured Cambrian lobopodian Suav teb uas zoo li arthropod yav Xwm, 470 (7335), 526-530 DOI: 10.1038/kwvyeej
By Chris Grinter, nyob rau lub ob hlis ntuj 17th, 2011
Shockingly, stunningly, amazingly; tus monarchs yuav rov qab (tab sis txhob puag no Julianne Moore). ua li, yog tsis li amazing; Kuv zoo nkauj npaum predicted qhov no yuav sib hais tas los thaum sawv daws twb khiav ncig terrified vim tus butterflies ntaus tau txhua lub sij hawm tsawg March (txij thaum pib suav nyob rau hauv 1993). Ua tau kuv ntseeg tias kuv hais “Kuv yuav bet dab tsi rau cov pejxeem ua rov qab ib lub xyoo yuav tuaj…”. Li ntawd, = npias anything li cas, thiab leej twg yog muas?
Kab tias kuv yuav qhuas thaum lub. Tej zaum cov xov xwm tsis yog kom zoo tias kuv yuav tso ib tug yeej ceg tawv nruj heev, tab sis yam ua ntej thaum kuaj zoo li hauv overwintering ceev tau ntsia xyoo no. Ntawd yog lub caij pib zoo zoo nkauj, tab sis peb tseem tsis tau ntaus tus 18 thaj tsam li xyoo (ib tug statistic impressive tsis). Tab sis, tsis misread kuv intentions – Kuv yuav tsis thov ib xyoo no cas muaj proven tus poob insignificant. Nws yuav yog los kuj tsis yog, txhua yam peb yuav yeej hais yog tias nws tseem tos lwm cov ntaub ntawv taw tes. Txog yog tias peb dataset no muaj zog heev thiab muaj ntau yam xws li lub ntuj uas tsim margins loj heev ntawm kev ua yuam kev. Nws tseem tsis extrapolate ze li ntawm los li cas cov me peb muaj. Li ntawd, yog tus huab tais ib tug zoo heev “canary nyob rau hauv cov thee mine”?
Kuv yuav hais tsis zoo nyob. Ib tug kab hom uas roosts hauv lus colonies loj heev ib tsam peb ecosystem zoo yog li cas? Yog, lawv mus txog ntawm cov nqi uas North America, tab sis lawv tuag muaj nqi tsis ntev los no tau xyuam ua lub neej nyob saab nrau Mexico. Kab tias yog lab tus butterflies tuag ntawm ib txhia coj txawv txawv cov taug peb yuav mloog cov kev ceeb toom, tab sis, xws li yuav tau tsis tau lub rooj. Cov monarchs tsis muaj tus hlub rau lub caij ntuj no los nag uas tseem yuav muaj ntau heev nrog lub warming kev nyab xeeb. Li ntawd, peb yuav hais tias hloov kev nyab xeeb yog tshuam impacting cov tsiaj? Puv peb tsis tau, tsawg kawg yog tsis tau. Yog tias qhov no ces yuav li ntawd ces peb cov ntaub ntawv yog qhia peb tias cov 1996-1997 lub caij yog yeej muaj mob qhov twg huab uas paug parted thiab xwm rejoiced. Cas lub 2010 lub caij ces yog ib qho apocalyptic hniav-khiav-esque ntiaj teb qhov twg nag acid melted cov txiv kab ntxwv off of tis npauj npaim? Tsis meej. Tej nuj nqis kev nyab xeeb tsis muaj kuab paug nyob ruaj txawv cov xyoo. Lub monarchs cia li muaj ib tug yeej zoo xyoo ntawd yuav tej yam phem heev. Tej zaum peb yuav cia li nrhiav ib tug canary zoo yog peb nyob nraum sim los tshuab cov xuav rau ntiaj teb no sov taus los yog deforestation.
Raws li ib xeem xav tias nov yog ib cov yees duab los ntawm zaj dabneeg saum toj no. Li koj yuav tau txais, Nws yog dramatized thiab lom zem heev kuj nce mentsis.
By Chris Grinter, nyob rau lub ob hlis ntuj 4, 2011
Kuv twb uploaded ib header tshiab raws li koj tau pom – Nws yog zoo li cas? Kuv tabtom ua si ib ncig nrog lub chaw, tiam sis thov qhia rau kuv paub yog tus npauj rau txoj cai tau txais cropped awkwardly, thiab ua li cas koj npo nws yog li no lub rooj.
By Chris Grinter, nyob rau lub ib hlis ntuj 24th, 2011
(Daim credit: David Cappaert, Insectimages.org)
Yog koj ua li los ua yuav rau hauv Yolo, Lub cheeb nroog Solano los sis Sacramento koj yuav tsum head tawm muaj ib tug nqa. Dr. Art Shaprio tau kam rau xyoo 40th nws zaub qhwv dawb npauj npaim sib txeeb. Yog hais tias koj yog tus heev tso neeg mus ntes ib tug dawb qhwv (Pieris rapae – tus) ua ntej cov Dr. Shapiro nws yuav yuav koj lub tshob rau dej ntawm npias! Koj yuav tsum xa cov tshem me me ciaj sia rau tus neeg txais tos lub Department ntawm Evolution thiab Ecology kom paub meej tias tus cim (Kuv xav tias mus pom koj tsis cia li txuag tsaib no tus npauj npaim tuag thiab cheat).
Dhau tus xeem 30 cov butterflies muaj tau hnubpoob dhau xyoo – ob lub lis piam rau thaj tsam li tam sim no. Koj zoo dua maj, tus thawj zaub qhwv dawb ntawm 2010 yog sau rau lub ib hlis ntuj 27th.
By Chris Grinter, nyob rau lub ib hlis ntuj 23rd, 2011
kuv twb ua lawm, thiab nws suab li muab sau los ntawm Sarah Palin. Ua tau, Kuv tuaj hla no meta tsom xam txog lawm 22,000 horoscopes nyob rau Lus qhia yog Beautiful. Nws yog spectacular – tab sis kuv mam li khiav nqes ob peb ntsiab lus ntawm no:
Ntawm no 22,000 horoscopes tuaj ib daim ntawv ntawm cov lus tshaj (hauv qab), 90% kev uas tshwm sim los xyov yog ib yam tsis hais koj kos npe rau. David McCandless kuj generated ib meta twv ua ntej siv cov ntsiab lus no muaj ntau heev. Nws mus dab tsi li no.
“Npaj txhij? Ntsoov? Xijpeem qhov teeb meem no lossis zais cia caij txaus siab rau txhua yam heev. Xav tau kiag li tu. Cia siab tias tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Muab kev hlub. Tsis muaj teeb meem uas tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg. Lub ntiaj teb no lub neej, kev lom zem thiab muaj zog. Tej zaum kev nyuaj. Los yog ib qho yooj yim. Xyov txaus noj zoo tshaj. Pab thiab tham nrog lwm tus. Hloov siab thiab zoo mus ob peb vas li…“
Sawv daws, hopefully, yuav tsum paub hais tias horoscopes thiab astrology muaj yeej tau muab cub pawg. Pom cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no xwb yuav ua rau nws ntawd yooj yim npaum li cas los luag in the face of wackiness. Kuv kuj nyiam McCandless lub sijhawm lone txhais lus. Kuv yog ib tug “gemini” (los yog tsawg kawg yog), thiab yog tus tshaj lus rau kuv “tog, nyob, sib thiab mloog yeej”. Txhais “tog ntawd mas raug kev puas siab tsiaj tsis txhob hais tias tsis muaj”. nyiam heev.
Koj yuav muaj kuj hnov tsis ntev los no hais txog qhov scandalous zaj dabneeg kev tsis ncaj ncees lawm lone tibsi. Thaum nws puv peb tus ntiaj teb wobbles ib nyuag nyob orbit; qab hau cov hnub qub yuav tsis raws nraim uas lawv muaj nyob rau hmo ntuj hmo no raws li lawv muaj ob peb millennia dhau los thaum twg tus zodiac yog heev thawj derived. Thiaj yog lub hnub qub vim pwm uas ua rau koj yog thaum yug ces lawv ua li ntawd, raws li uas lawv muaj tam sim no thiab tsis 2,000 xyoo dhau los. Surprise – muaj coob tus neeg yuav tsum tam sim no tau muab ib daim ntawv tshiab! Oooohscandal! Qhov kev kawm ntawm astrology tsis txawm tuaj ze cua hais no (nws heev pained kuv mockingly txawm hu astrology science). Tiam sis yog lawv xav tshuaj nws perturb tsis tau, lawv zoo hloov hauv dodging cov kev kawm nyuab thiab spinning BS, thiab muaj tau ua li ntawd rau xyoo 175,000. Rov qab los nyob rau hauv 1781 astronomers txawb lub ciaj ntswj ntawm cov hauv paus zaub ntawm astrologers nrog cov foundations ntawm Uranus – thiab ib tiam tom ntej Neptune tshum sim rau lub scene. Huag tsis txhawj! Astrologers fudged lawv cov zauv, whined txog kev sib txawv “daim phiaj qhia thiab tshuab” thiab snuck nyob hauv ob lub cim lone xyuas kom pom zoo nrog lub ntiaj teb ua kev kawm to taub nws. Auj, thiab yeej tsis mloog tas cov kuj, billion cov hnub qub thiab cov planets…
Tsis tau, Kuv tseem tau hnov quaj tsaus muag cia txoj kev nov rau Berkeley – ib tug neeg slaps tes rau lub taub hau thiab exclaims “huag tam sim no nws yuav ua rau kev txiav txim zoo, Kuv yog ib tug Taurus tag nrho raws!”
Koj yuav tsum tau mus tshawb tus blog thiab los saib closer tus tsom. Tsis tau zoo, Yog hais tias koj muaj ib tug phooj ywg hlub lawv astrology, koj yuav tsum tau nraim no nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia.
Ectoedemia rubifoliella 3.3hli
Stigmella ostryaefoliella 3.1hli
Stigmella aceris (txuas mus rau daim credit duab)
Stigmella paradoxa (txuas mus rau daim credit duab)
(Labanderia, 1994)
(Kuroko, 1987)
